The MOSFET (Metal-Oxide-Semiconductor Field-Effect Transistor) is the most common type of transistor used today, forming the fundamental building block of digital integrated circuits like microprocessors and memory chips. It is a voltage-controlled device with four terminals: Gate (G), Drain (D), Source (S), and Body (B) (though the Body is often connected to the Source, making it a three-terminal device). The key feature is the insulated Gate, separated from the semiconductor channel by a thin layer of silicon dioxide (an insulator).
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